How To Make Et Al Possessive

The possessive form is used with nouns referring to people groups of people countries and animals.

How to make et al possessive. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. The sixth edition of the publication manual of the american psychological association offers guidelines in the use of et al. For subsequent in text citations of a work with 3 to 5 authors. If you are using a in text reference you can use the et al but in the reference bibliography list you must state all the authors in full. To form the possessive add apostrophe s to the noun.

Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. I am afraid that i am going to disagree with the above posts as et al. If the noun is plural or already ends in s just add an apostrophe after the s. It shows a relationship of belonging between one thing and another. The study was performed by green.

Per apa style the answer is that the possessive of a singular name is formed by adding an apostrophe and an s even when the name ends in s see p. 96 in the sixth edition of the publication manual. The data reported by smith et al therefore it is already possessive as it is. If you need to make possessive of this you should use an of phrase. Et alii is a latin phrase and latin has its own rules about making plural possessives and those rules do not involve apostrophes.

And others et al is used as an abbreviation of et alii masculine plural or et aliae feminine plural or et alia neuter plural when referring to a number of people. Green s study determined that the test will not work underwater. In this case the latin abbreviation et al meaning and others is essential.