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Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al.
How to use et al in text. And articles with six or more authors are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. Include the surname of the first author followed by et al if the source you re citing has 4 or more authors type the surname of the first author listed on the title page followed by a space and the abbreviation et al then type a space and add the year the source was published. Note that et al is not italicized. With in text citation is there. For a work with one or two authors include the name s in every citation.
On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. Chicago manual of style cms. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create. Often appears in academic documents. Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation.
As blythe et al. For sources with four or more authors use the first name followed by et al. Dusek bakke 2019 or. For four to ten authors write out all names in the bibliography but only the first author s name followed by et al in in text citations. Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.
For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date. Essentially means and others extra or in addition it is the abbreviated form of the latin expression et alia or et alii or et aliae the masculine and feminine form of the plural respectively. For parenthetical citation of a work with 6 or more authors. For more than ten authors only the first seven are listed in the bibliography but the first author s name followed by et al is used in in text citations. Et al is simply a way of making your in text reference more concise and unobtrusive.
The abbreviation et al. 2003 reported use the lead author s surname and et al. The use of et al is the same in both styles. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. Where a source document has been written by more than two authors some guidelines say more than three authors then you should replace all but the first author surname with et al.
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