How To Use Et Al In Letter

The abbreviation e g is from the latin exempli gratia and means literally for example periods come after each letter and a.

How to use et al in letter. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. Is found in essays research papers and legal writings. With in text citation is there. The term et al. Dear and hello are warm positive words et al the abbreviation of et alii is about as friendly as a flu shot they don t fit well together.

Is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alia which means and others et al. Namely use et al. Notes and bibliography and author date style. Chicago style has two systems of citation. Many writers confuse e g and i e and many type et al improperly or do not properly recognize what words it represents.

On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. Et alia et al is latin for and others et al is most commonly used in a list of people particularly when referring to the authors of an academic publication. After the first author. Many people do not know the meaning of et al so using it will confuse readers. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al.

It does take a period after the second word even when it falls in the middle of a sentence. For example when referring to a scientific research paper the authors may be cited as goodman et al meaning the paper was by goodman and some other researchers. It can sound unnatural when read aloud so an unabbreviated english equivalent is often better in less formal writing. Is best reserved for citations and other parenthetical remarks in academic or other types of formal writing. Is commonly used in place of a list of names whether of people or places when the list would be exhaustive or is simply not necessary.

In general et al. The most common use of et al. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then. The use of et al. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al.